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Please complete the following questionnaire before continuing. Antimicrobial Drug Resistance (AMDR) 1.  Almost _______ out of every 1000 hospitalized patients in economically developing countries are either infected with or carriers of microorganisms resistant to common antibiotic drugs. 21 13 9 7 2.  About ____% of bacteria that cause infections in hospitals are resistant to at least one of the common antibiotics. 80 70 60 50 3.  Resistance to antimalarial drugs develops most rapidly with: Subtherapeutic concentrations of antimalarial drugs Cases of recent relapse Prior failed treatment Use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine 4.  Primary influenza protective measures are: Vaccinations Environmental practices Personal hygiene practices All of above 5.  5. In 2005, the World Health Organization reported that more than _____% of all medicines (including antibiotic drugs) are prescribed, dispensed, or sold inappropriately, with _____% of patients failing to take them correctly. 25 and 50 50 and 25 25 and 25 50 and 50 6.  Demand for and use of antibiotic drugs is second only to that of: Analgesics Tranquilizers Muscle relaxants Hypertension medications 7.  In Europe, ____ in 10 antiretroviral-naive patients carried viruses with more than one drug-resistance mutation. 8 6 3 1 8.  The annual healthcare cost associated with the treatment of resistant infections in the United States was estimated at more than US $________ in 2002. 8 billion 6 billion 4 billion 2 billion 9.  Strategies for influencing antimicrobial prescribing patterns within healthcare facilities include: Education Formulary restriction Computer-assisted management programs All of the above 10.  Deaths from acute respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, measles, AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis account for more than _____% of the mortality from infections worldwide. 95 85 75 65 11.  Prevalence (%) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among European Union patients presenting with bacteremia is highest in: Germany Belgium Portugal France 12.  Which of the countries list below is not among those that have the highest rates of oral antimicrobial drug prescriptions? United States United Kingdom Japan Canada 13.  As much as ________ of the antimalaria medications in Southeast Asia may be counterfeit. One-tenth One-quarter One-third One-half 14.  In the United States, more than ______% of community infections were found to be caused by strains traceable to the hospital or to long-term care facilities (Charlebois 2004). 78 58 38 18