c. Environmental Decontamination

The role of environmental reservoirs, such as surfaces and medical equipment, in the transmission of MDROs has been the subject of several reports. Monitoring for adherence to recommended environmental cleaning practices is an important determinant for success in controlling transmission of MDROs and other pathogens in the environment. The interior design of healthcare facilities is receiving increased attention in the prevention of transmission of AMDR microorganisms, especially MRSA. High-touch surfaces covered with copper alloys are being tested as potential countermeasures for AMDR, along with control of interior temperatures and humidity (Michels et al. 2009). 

Increased pollution of effluent potable water (Lateef 2004; Naddeo et al. 2009) and antibiotic uses in agriculture also contribute to AMDR spread. Extensive use of antibiotics in the food chain can contribute to the development of AMDR.